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JAMES E. VAN BLARICUM
Consortium - A group of unrelated companies acting together in a specific venture (Licence application).
signal oil & gas
Gravity Structures - Either concrete or hybrid (concrete base and steel legs and superstructure) structures that due to weight rest on seabed or piled into it.
Does it make a difference what car I drive? - More fuel-efficient vehicles can save gasoline. A highly fuel-efficient vehicle could potentially cut gasoline use in half or more. How much depends on the vehicle and driving habits and needs. If a less fuel-efficient car requires 20 gallons of gasoline a week compared with 10 gallons for a highly fuel-efficient vehicle, more than 500 gallons of gasoline could be saved annually.
In addition to compressing natural gas to reduce its volume and push it through the pipe, metering stations are placed periodically along interstate natural gas pipelines. These stations allow pipeline companies to monitor and manage the natural gas in their pipes. Essentially, these metering stations measure the flow of gas along the pipeline, and allow pipeline companies to 'track' natural gas as it flows along the pipeline. These metering stations employ specialized meters to measure the natural gas as it flows through the pipeline, without impeding its movement.(james van blaricum)
Since World War II, petroleum has replaced coal as the United States' leading source of energy. Petroleum supplies more than 39 percent of the energy used in the United States. (Coal supplies 22 percent of our energy needs, and natural gas supplies 23 percent.)
signal oil and gas company
Commercial field - Field judged to be capable of producing sufficient net income to be worth developing.
This information, relayed to a centralized control station, allows pipeline engineers to know exactly what is happening along the pipeline at all times. This allows quick reactions to equipment malfunctions, leaks, or any other unusual activity along the pipeline. Some SCADA systems also incorporate the ability to remotely operate certain equipment along the pipeline, including compressor stations, allowing engineers in a centralized control center to immediately and easily adjust flow rates in the pipeline.
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) - A process that examines environmental factors and activities or processes that industry uses.(signal oil & gas)
Coiled tubing - Used to carry production equipment to bottom of well.
james e van blaricum
A third way in which methane (and natural gas) may be formed is through abiogenic processes. Extremely deep under the earth's crust, there exist hydrogen-rich gases and carbon molecules. As these gases gradually rise towards the surface of the earth, they may interact with minerals that also exist underground, in the absence of oxygen. This interaction may result in a reaction, forming elements and compounds that are found in the atmosphere (including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, and water). If these gases are under very high pressure as they move towards the surface of the earth, they are likely to form methane deposits, similar to thermogenic methane.
Field - Geographical area under which an oil or gas reservoir lies.
Although research has improved the odds since Edwin Drake's days, petroleum exploration today is still a gamble. Geologists study underground rock formations to find areas that might yield oil. Still, even with advanced methods, only about 33 in every 100 exploratory wells have oil. The rest come up "dry."(james van blaricum)
Emulsified acids may contain the acid as either the internal or the external phase. The former, which is more common, normally contains 10 to 30 percent hydrocarbon as the external phase and 15% hydrochloric acid as the internal phase. When acid is the external phase, the ratio of oil to acid is often about 2:1. Both the higher viscosity created by emulsification and the presence of the oil can retard the rate of acid transfer to the rock surface. This reduction in mass transfer rate, and its corresponding reduction in acid reaction rate, can increase the depth of acid penetration into the rock formation before the acid reacts with the rock or damaging material [2].
signal oil and gas company
Use of oil external emulsified acids may be limited by the increased frictional resistance to flow of these fluids down well tubulars [2]. The presence of surfactants in the acidizing fluid, to produce the emulsion, can affect the wetting characteristics of the rock formation i.e. change a water wet rock surface into an oil wet surface. This can necessitate remedial post acidizing treatments to restore the rock surface to a water wet state if successful oil production is to be attained.
Oil industry the business of discovering oil ( petroleum ), extracting it from the ground, refining it into a variety of products, and distributing it to the public. The development of the oil industry in the 19th and 20th cent. provided a source of energy that now supplies about two fifths of the world's energy needs as well as a raw material that chemical and petroleum industries refine into a number of essential chemicals and industrial products.
Anticline - Fold in layered rocks originating below surface in form of an elongated dome.(signal oil & gas company)
Once NGLs have been removed from the natural gas stream, they must be broken down into their base components to be useful. That is, the mixed stream of different NGLs must be separated out. The process used to accomplish this task is called fractionation. Fractionation works based on the different boiling points of the different hydrocarbons in the NGL stream. Essentially, fractionation occurs in stages consisting of the boiling off of hydrocarbons one by one. The name of a particular fractionator gives an idea as to its purpose, as it is conventionally named for the hydrocarbon that is boiled off. The entire fractionation process is broken down into steps, starting with the removal of the lighter NGLs from the stream. The particular fractionators are used in the following order:
signal oil & gas company
Drainhole completions are a form of horizontal or slant drilling. This type of completion consists of drilling out horizontally into the formation from a vertical well, essentially providing a 'drain' for the hydrocarbons to run down into the well. In certain formations, drilling a drainhole completion may allow for more efficient and balanced extraction of the targeted hydrocarbons. These completions are more commonly associated with oil wells than with natural gas wells.
Structural traps - Formed by Earth movements that fold rocks into suitable shapes or juxtapose reservoir and sealing rocks along faults. Traps may also form when rocks are domed over rising salt masses.
Exploration well - Drilling to determine whether hydrocarbons are present.(signal oil and gas company)
After processing at the refinery, gasoline and other petroleum products are usually shipped out through pipelines. There are about 230,000 miles of pipeline in the United States. Pipelines are the safest and cheapest way to move large quantities of petroleum across land. Pump stations, which are spaced 20 to 100 miles apart along the underground pipelines, keep the petroleum products moving at around five miles per hour. At this rate, it takes 15 days to move a shipment of gasoline from Houston, Texas to New York City.
signal oil & gas
In order to develop a natural aquifer into an effective natural gas storage facility, all of the associated infrastructure must also be developed. This includes installation of wells, extraction equipment, pipelines, dehydration facilities, and possibly compression equipment. Since aquifers are naturally full of water, in some instances powerful injection equipment must be used, to allow sufficient injection pressure to push down the resident water and replace it with natural gas. While natural gas being stored in aquifers has already undergone all of its processing, upon extraction from a water bearing aquifer formation the gas typically requires further dehydration prior to transportation, which requires specialized equipment near the wellhead. Aquifer formations do not have the same natural gas retention capabilities as depleted reservoirs. This means that some of the natural gas that is injected escapes from the formation, and must be gathered and extracted by 'collector' wells, specifically designed to pick up gas that may escape from the primary aquifer formation.
We cannot use crude oil in the state it's in when it comes out of the ground. The process is a little more complicated than that. So, how does thick, black crude oil come out of the ground and eventually get into your car as a thin, amber-colored liquid called gasoline? Let's find out.
Multiple zone completion is the practice of completing a well such that hydrocarbons from two or more formations may be produced simultaneously, without mixing with each other. For example, a well may be drilled that passes through a number of formations on its way deeper underground, or alternately, it may be efficient in a horizontal well to add multiple completions to drain the formation most effectively. Although it is common to separate multiple completions so that the fluids from the different formations do not intermingle, the complexity of achieving complete separation is often a barrier. In some instances, the different formations being drilled are close enough in nature to allow fluids to intermingle in the well hole. When it is necessary to separate different completions, hard rubber 'packing' instruments are used to maintain separation.(james e van blaricum)
Reservoir engineering model - Used to predict reservoir behaviour during production to enable selection of most efficient method of recovery.
signal oil and gas company
Deep-Water Discovery - An offshore discovery located in at least 200 metres of water.
In additioin to being found in a traditional reservoir such as the one shown above, natural gas may also be found in other 'unconventional' formations.
Pipeline - A pipe through which natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products are pumped between two points, either onshore or offshore.(james van blaricum)
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Consortium - A group of unrelated companies acting together in a specific venture (Licence application).
signal oil & gas
Gravity Structures - Either concrete or hybrid (concrete base and steel legs and superstructure) structures that due to weight rest on seabed or piled into it.
Does it make a difference what car I drive? - More fuel-efficient vehicles can save gasoline. A highly fuel-efficient vehicle could potentially cut gasoline use in half or more. How much depends on the vehicle and driving habits and needs. If a less fuel-efficient car requires 20 gallons of gasoline a week compared with 10 gallons for a highly fuel-efficient vehicle, more than 500 gallons of gasoline could be saved annually.
In addition to compressing natural gas to reduce its volume and push it through the pipe, metering stations are placed periodically along interstate natural gas pipelines. These stations allow pipeline companies to monitor and manage the natural gas in their pipes. Essentially, these metering stations measure the flow of gas along the pipeline, and allow pipeline companies to 'track' natural gas as it flows along the pipeline. These metering stations employ specialized meters to measure the natural gas as it flows through the pipeline, without impeding its movement.(james van blaricum)
Since World War II, petroleum has replaced coal as the United States' leading source of energy. Petroleum supplies more than 39 percent of the energy used in the United States. (Coal supplies 22 percent of our energy needs, and natural gas supplies 23 percent.)
signal oil and gas company
Commercial field - Field judged to be capable of producing sufficient net income to be worth developing.
This information, relayed to a centralized control station, allows pipeline engineers to know exactly what is happening along the pipeline at all times. This allows quick reactions to equipment malfunctions, leaks, or any other unusual activity along the pipeline. Some SCADA systems also incorporate the ability to remotely operate certain equipment along the pipeline, including compressor stations, allowing engineers in a centralized control center to immediately and easily adjust flow rates in the pipeline.
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) - A process that examines environmental factors and activities or processes that industry uses.(signal oil & gas)
Coiled tubing - Used to carry production equipment to bottom of well.
james e van blaricum
A third way in which methane (and natural gas) may be formed is through abiogenic processes. Extremely deep under the earth's crust, there exist hydrogen-rich gases and carbon molecules. As these gases gradually rise towards the surface of the earth, they may interact with minerals that also exist underground, in the absence of oxygen. This interaction may result in a reaction, forming elements and compounds that are found in the atmosphere (including nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, and water). If these gases are under very high pressure as they move towards the surface of the earth, they are likely to form methane deposits, similar to thermogenic methane.
Field - Geographical area under which an oil or gas reservoir lies.
Although research has improved the odds since Edwin Drake's days, petroleum exploration today is still a gamble. Geologists study underground rock formations to find areas that might yield oil. Still, even with advanced methods, only about 33 in every 100 exploratory wells have oil. The rest come up "dry."(james van blaricum)
Emulsified acids may contain the acid as either the internal or the external phase. The former, which is more common, normally contains 10 to 30 percent hydrocarbon as the external phase and 15% hydrochloric acid as the internal phase. When acid is the external phase, the ratio of oil to acid is often about 2:1. Both the higher viscosity created by emulsification and the presence of the oil can retard the rate of acid transfer to the rock surface. This reduction in mass transfer rate, and its corresponding reduction in acid reaction rate, can increase the depth of acid penetration into the rock formation before the acid reacts with the rock or damaging material [2].
signal oil and gas company
Use of oil external emulsified acids may be limited by the increased frictional resistance to flow of these fluids down well tubulars [2]. The presence of surfactants in the acidizing fluid, to produce the emulsion, can affect the wetting characteristics of the rock formation i.e. change a water wet rock surface into an oil wet surface. This can necessitate remedial post acidizing treatments to restore the rock surface to a water wet state if successful oil production is to be attained.
Oil industry the business of discovering oil ( petroleum ), extracting it from the ground, refining it into a variety of products, and distributing it to the public. The development of the oil industry in the 19th and 20th cent. provided a source of energy that now supplies about two fifths of the world's energy needs as well as a raw material that chemical and petroleum industries refine into a number of essential chemicals and industrial products.
Anticline - Fold in layered rocks originating below surface in form of an elongated dome.(signal oil & gas company)
Once NGLs have been removed from the natural gas stream, they must be broken down into their base components to be useful. That is, the mixed stream of different NGLs must be separated out. The process used to accomplish this task is called fractionation. Fractionation works based on the different boiling points of the different hydrocarbons in the NGL stream. Essentially, fractionation occurs in stages consisting of the boiling off of hydrocarbons one by one. The name of a particular fractionator gives an idea as to its purpose, as it is conventionally named for the hydrocarbon that is boiled off. The entire fractionation process is broken down into steps, starting with the removal of the lighter NGLs from the stream. The particular fractionators are used in the following order:
signal oil & gas company
Drainhole completions are a form of horizontal or slant drilling. This type of completion consists of drilling out horizontally into the formation from a vertical well, essentially providing a 'drain' for the hydrocarbons to run down into the well. In certain formations, drilling a drainhole completion may allow for more efficient and balanced extraction of the targeted hydrocarbons. These completions are more commonly associated with oil wells than with natural gas wells.
Structural traps - Formed by Earth movements that fold rocks into suitable shapes or juxtapose reservoir and sealing rocks along faults. Traps may also form when rocks are domed over rising salt masses.
Exploration well - Drilling to determine whether hydrocarbons are present.(signal oil and gas company)
After processing at the refinery, gasoline and other petroleum products are usually shipped out through pipelines. There are about 230,000 miles of pipeline in the United States. Pipelines are the safest and cheapest way to move large quantities of petroleum across land. Pump stations, which are spaced 20 to 100 miles apart along the underground pipelines, keep the petroleum products moving at around five miles per hour. At this rate, it takes 15 days to move a shipment of gasoline from Houston, Texas to New York City.
signal oil & gas
In order to develop a natural aquifer into an effective natural gas storage facility, all of the associated infrastructure must also be developed. This includes installation of wells, extraction equipment, pipelines, dehydration facilities, and possibly compression equipment. Since aquifers are naturally full of water, in some instances powerful injection equipment must be used, to allow sufficient injection pressure to push down the resident water and replace it with natural gas. While natural gas being stored in aquifers has already undergone all of its processing, upon extraction from a water bearing aquifer formation the gas typically requires further dehydration prior to transportation, which requires specialized equipment near the wellhead. Aquifer formations do not have the same natural gas retention capabilities as depleted reservoirs. This means that some of the natural gas that is injected escapes from the formation, and must be gathered and extracted by 'collector' wells, specifically designed to pick up gas that may escape from the primary aquifer formation.
We cannot use crude oil in the state it's in when it comes out of the ground. The process is a little more complicated than that. So, how does thick, black crude oil come out of the ground and eventually get into your car as a thin, amber-colored liquid called gasoline? Let's find out.
Multiple zone completion is the practice of completing a well such that hydrocarbons from two or more formations may be produced simultaneously, without mixing with each other. For example, a well may be drilled that passes through a number of formations on its way deeper underground, or alternately, it may be efficient in a horizontal well to add multiple completions to drain the formation most effectively. Although it is common to separate multiple completions so that the fluids from the different formations do not intermingle, the complexity of achieving complete separation is often a barrier. In some instances, the different formations being drilled are close enough in nature to allow fluids to intermingle in the well hole. When it is necessary to separate different completions, hard rubber 'packing' instruments are used to maintain separation.(james e van blaricum)
Reservoir engineering model - Used to predict reservoir behaviour during production to enable selection of most efficient method of recovery.
signal oil and gas company
Deep-Water Discovery - An offshore discovery located in at least 200 metres of water.
In additioin to being found in a traditional reservoir such as the one shown above, natural gas may also be found in other 'unconventional' formations.
Pipeline - A pipe through which natural gas, crude oil or petroleum products are pumped between two points, either onshore or offshore.(james van blaricum)
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Latest page update: made by jamesvanblaricum2
, May 17 2008, 5:45 AM EDT
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james van blaricum
- jamesvanblaricum2
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100 images added
view changes
- complete history)
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